This chapter-wise study material includes most expected short and long answer questions with answers, prepared according to CBSE & Delhi Govt School syllabus. It is ideal for annual exam preparation.
Table of Contents
📘 Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
🔹 Short Answer Questions (With Answers)
Q1. What is matter?
Ans: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Q2. Define evaporation.
Ans: Evaporation is the process of change of liquid into vapour at any temperature below its boiling point.
Q3. Why do we feel cool after sweating?
Ans: Sweat evaporates by absorbing heat from our body, causing a cooling effect.
Q4. Name three states of matter.
Ans: Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
Q5. What happens to particles of matter on heating?
Ans: Particles gain energy, move faster, and the distance between them increases.
🔹 Long Answer Questions (With Answers)
Q1. Explain evaporation and factors affecting it.
Ans: Evaporation is a surface phenomenon where liquid changes into vapour.
Factors affecting evaporation:
- Surface area
- Temperature
- Wind speed
- Humidity
Q2. Differentiate between solids, liquids, and gases.
Ans:
Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape, while gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.
📘 Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is a mixture?
Ans: A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances.
Q2. Define solution.
Ans: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.
Q3. What is a saturated solution?
Ans: A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature.
Q4. Name two separation methods.
Ans: Filtration and evaporation.
Q5. What is crystallization?
Ans: It is a method to obtain pure solid crystals from a solution.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain methods of separation of mixtures.
Ans: Methods include filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography, depending on the nature of mixture.
Q2. Explain properties of a solution.
Ans: Solutions are homogeneous, stable, and particles cannot be seen with naked eyes.
📘 Chapter 3: Atoms and Molecules
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. State law of conservation of mass.
Ans: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Q2. What is an atom?
Ans: Atom is the smallest particle of an element.
Q3. Define mole.
Ans: One mole contains 6.022 × 10²³ particles.
Q4. Write formula of calcium carbonate.
Ans: CaCO₃
Q5. What is molecular mass?
Ans: Sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain law of conservation of mass with example.
Ans: In a chemical reaction, total mass of reactants equals total mass of products.
Q2. Explain the concept of mole.
Ans: Mole helps in counting atoms and molecules in chemical reactions.
📘 Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. Who discovered nucleus?
Ans: Ernest Rutherford.
Q2. What are isotopes?
Ans: Atoms with same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Q3. Define atomic number.
Ans: Number of protons in an atom.
Q4. What is mass number?
Ans: Sum of protons and neutrons.
Q5. Name subatomic particles.
Ans: Proton, Neutron, Electron.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain Rutherford’s atomic model.
Ans: Atom has a small, positively charged nucleus with electrons revolving around it.
Q2. Differentiate between isotopes and isobars.
Ans: Isotopes have same atomic number; isobars have same mass number.
📘 Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is a cell?
Ans: Cell is the basic unit of life.
Q2. Control centre of cell?
Ans: Nucleus.
Q3. What is mitochondria?
Ans: Organelle that produces energy.
Q4. Define osmosis.
Ans: Movement of water through semi-permeable membrane.
Q5. What is plasma membrane?
Ans: Outer living membrane of the cell.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Describe plant cell.
Ans: Plant cell has cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole, etc.
Q2. Explain functions of nucleus and mitochondria.
Ans: Nucleus controls activities; mitochondria produces energy.
📘 Chapter 6: Tissues
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. What are tissues?
Ans: Group of similar cells performing same function.
Q2. Types of plant tissues?
Ans: Meristematic and permanent.
Q3. What is blood?
Ans: A connective tissue.
Q4. Define muscular tissue.
Ans: Tissue responsible for movement.
Q5. What is meristematic tissue?
Ans: Tissue responsible for growth.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain plant tissues.
Ans: Includes meristematic and permanent tissues like xylem and phloem.
Q2. Explain animal tissues.
Ans: Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.
📘 Chapter 7: Motion
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is distance?
Ans: Total path travelled.
Q2. Define speed.
Ans: Distance per unit time.
Q3. What is acceleration?
Ans: Rate of change of velocity.
Q4. SI unit of velocity?
Ans: m/s
Q5. Define uniform motion.
Ans: Motion with constant speed.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain equations of motion.
Ans: v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² = u² + 2as.
Q2. Explain motion graphs.
Ans: Distance-time and velocity-time graphs show motion nature.
📘 Chapter 8: Force and Laws of Motion
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. Newton’s first law?
Ans: Object remains at rest unless acted upon.
Q2. Define momentum.
Ans: Product of mass and velocity.
Q3. What is inertia?
Ans: Resistance to change in motion.
Q4. Formula of force?
Ans: F = ma
Q5. Newton’s third law?
Ans: Every action has equal and opposite reaction.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain three laws of motion.
Ans: First law – inertia, second – F=ma, third – action reaction.
Q2. Prove second law of motion.
Ans: Force equals rate of change of momentum.
📘 Chapter 9: Gravitation
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. Universal law of gravitation?
Ans: Every object attracts another object.
Q2. What is mass?
Ans: Amount of matter.
Q3. Define weight.
Ans: Gravitational force on object.
Q4. What is free fall?
Ans: Falling under gravity only.
Q5. Value of g?
Ans: 9.8 m/s²
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain universal law of gravitation.
Ans: Force depends on masses and distance.
Q2. Difference between mass and weight.
Ans: Mass constant; weight varies.
📘 Chapter 10: Work and Energy
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. Define work.
Ans: Force causing displacement.
Q2. What is energy?
Ans: Capacity to do work.
Q3. Forms of energy?
Ans: Kinetic and potential.
Q4. Define power.
Ans: Rate of doing work.
Q5. SI unit of work?
Ans: Joule.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain law of conservation of energy.
Ans: Energy only changes form.
Q2. Explain kinetic and potential energy.
Ans: Kinetic due to motion, potential due to position.
📘 Chapter 11: Sound
🔹 Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is sound?
Ans: Energy from vibrations.
Q2. What is vibration?
Ans: To and fro motion.
Q3. Define frequency.
Ans: Vibrations per second.
Q4. SI unit of frequency?
Ans: Hertz.
Q5. What is amplitude?
Ans: Maximum displacement.
🔹 Long Answer Questions
Q1. How is sound produced and transmitted?
Ans: By vibrations through a medium.
Q2. Explain characteristics of sound.
Ans: Loudness, pitch, and quality.